Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy compared with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery: 2-year outcome of body weight, obesity-associated comorbidities, and quality of life

Objective
The objective is to check the efficacy and safety of two operative techniques designed for treating morbidly obese patients: laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB).
Patients and methods
The study includes 72 morbidly obese patients, who were divided into two groups: group A, 40 (55.5%) patients treated using LSG, whereas group B, 32 (44.5%) patients managed by LRYGB. Operations were completed according to the rules of laparoscopic surgery. Collected operative data included operative time, intraoperative complications, postoperative (PO) complications, ICU, and hospital stay. All patients were monitored throughout the first 2 PO years at 3rd, 6th, 12th, and 24th PO months.
Results
There is a significant difference between both groups regarding operative time. The rates of early PO complications were higher in LRYGB than LSG group. Both groups showed a significant weight loss at the first 12 months postoperatively. The mean BMI dropped from 39.5±3.03 to 33.10±3.56 kg/m among LSG patients compared with 40.18±3.18 to 30.23±2.64 kg among LRYGB patients. However, at the end of the second PO year, no difference in patients’ weight, BMI, The percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL), or EBMIL was noticed in both groups. At the end of the first PO year, a dramatic improvement in both groups was seen about frequency and severity of associated comorbidities except for gastroesophageal reflux disease. At the end of the second PO year, all comorbidities showed prominent remission among patients of LSG group. Patients of LRYGB showed complete resolution of type 2 diabetes mellitus, obstructive sleep apnea, and depression.
Conclusion
Both LSG and LRYGB are safe bariatric surgical procedures that deliver convenient outcomes in weight loss and resolution of most obesity-associated comorbidities.